Canine Encephalitis | Meningitis | Myelitis

Canine meningitis and meningoencephalitis caused by aberrant parasite migration have been reported in canine breeds. In these diseases, migration and growth of parasites can result in extensive damage to the neural parenchyma. An eosinophilic CSF pleocytosis should prompt consideration of parasitic migration through the central nervous system, although several more common neurologic disorders should also be considered, including intracranial neoplasia, toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, and GME.

An apparently immune-mediated eosinophilic canine meningitis has also been described in young dogs, particularly Golden Retrievers. Diagnostic evaluation of animals with eosinophilic CSF should include a fundic examination, CBC, serum biochemistry profile, urinalysis, thoracic and abdominal radiographs, abdominal ultrasounds, fecal flotation and heartworm antigen testing.

Definitive diagnosis of parasitic central nervous system disease requires pathologic demonstration of the parasite in the central nervous system. Empirical treatment with ivermectin should be considered if parasite migration is likely. Antiinflammatory treatment with prednisone may also be indicated.